# CJC-1295 References: The Cited Literature

> The full CJC-1295 reference list — the human PK studies, the albumin-bioconjugation work, the GHRH-receptor structural biology, and the analytical-chemistry identification, with DOIs and PubMed links.

Every quantitative claim on this site traces to one of these sources. Peer-reviewed journals, structural biology, and analytical-chemistry identifications, with DOIs and PubMed links.

## How to Read This List

This is [the full reference list](/references) for CJC-1295 as cited across the site. The human pharmacokinetic studies (Teichman 2006; Ionescu and Frohman 2006) carry the half-life and GH/IGF-1 figures; the rodent and biochemical work (Jette 2005; Alba 2006; the D-Ala2 study) establishes the chemistry and once-daily sufficiency; the structural biology (Zhou 2020) and analytical chemistry (Henninge 2010) characterize the receptor and confirm identity. Where a source carries a DOI or PubMed identifier, it is listed for verification.

## Primary Human Data vs Supporting Literature

Two of these references do most of the quantitative work. The Teichman 2006 study is the source of the 5.8-8.1 day half-life, the 2- to 10-fold GH rise, and the up-to-28-day IGF-1 elevation [1]; the Ionescu and Frohman 2006 study is the source of the preserved-pulsatility finding and the roughly 7.5-fold basal GH and 45% mean-GH and IGF-1 figures [3]. When this site states a human number, it almost always traces to one of those two.

The remaining references are supporting and contextual. Jette 2005 supplies the rodent albumin-bioconjugate data [2]; Alba 2006 supplies the once-daily GHRH-knockout-mouse result [4]; Sackmann-Sala 2009 adds the serum-proteomic biomarkers [5]. The structural and analytical papers — the somatotroph adenylate-cyclase characterization [8], the D-Ala2 half-life study [9], the immunoaffinity-MS and LC-MS/MS identifications [6] [10], the GHRH-receptor cryo-EM [7] — and the 2025 reviews [11] [12] frame the mechanism and the molecule's identity without carrying the headline human PK figures themselves.

## References

[1] Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/
[2] Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817669/
[3] Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17018654/
[4] Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822960/
[5] Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19386527/
[6] Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.233
[7] Zhou F, Zhang H, Cong Z, et al. Structural basis for activation of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):5205. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33060564/
[8] Growth hormone-releasing factor-sensitive adenylate cyclase system of purified somatotrophs (characterization of GHRH-coupled adenylate cyclase). 1989. PMID 2562826. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2562826/
[9] Incorporation of D-Ala2 in growth hormone-releasing hormone-(1-29)-NH2 increases the half-life and potency (D-Ala2 GHRH analog study). 1994. PMID 7962295. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7962295/
[10] Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016. PMID 26879649. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26879649/
[11] Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39537825/
[12] Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) and its signaling (review). Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2025. PMID 39934495. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39934495/

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A near-black readout of the CJC-1295 record — the DAC-vs-no-DAC chemistry and the human PK half-life logged to source and tagged by evidence, with no clinic behind the console and nothing here dispensed or sold.